Hysteroscopy Istanbul

What is Hysteroscopy?

Hysteroscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure used to examine the inside of the uterus and perform certain treatments. In this procedure, a thin, lighted optical device called a hysteroscope is passed through the vagina and cervix to reach the uterus. With the help of the hysteroscope, the inner uterine tissues can be directly observed, allowing for procedures such as biopsy, removal of polyps or fibroids, and opening of adhesions.

In Which Diseases is Hysteroscopy Used?

• In cases of polyps and fibroids in the uterine lining that occupy space and cause excessive menstrual bleeding
• In cases of Asherman syndrome, which involves intrauterine adhesions
• In cases of uterine septum or anomalies
• In cases of unexplained heavy menstrual bleeding
• In patients undergoing IVF treatment, to increase the success rate of embryo implantation
• As a diagnostic test in patients unable to conceive, to determine the cause
• In cases where a malignant lesion is suspected in the uterine lining, hysteroscopy is used to visualize and ensure complete removal of the tissue

How is Hysteroscopy Performed?

1. Diagnostic Office Hysteroscopy: This is performed to diagnose unexplained infertility or abnormal uterine bleeding. The procedure uses a finer surgical system and can be done under local anesthesia.
2. Operative (Therapeutic) Hysteroscopy: This involves the removal of polyps, fibroids, adhesions, and septa, and is performed under general anesthesia. It combines both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, allowing tissue removal during the examination.

How Long Does Hysteroscopy Take?

It is a relatively quick procedure. A diagnostic hysteroscopy takes about 10 minutes, while an operative hysteroscopy takes about 30 minutes.

When Should Hysteroscopy Be Performed?

Timing is crucial for hysteroscopy. It should ideally be planned within 3 to 4 days after the end of menstruation. The reasons for this are:

1. Any potential pregnancy will be ruled out with the onset of menstruation, making it a safe period for the procedure.
2. The uterine lining is freshly shed during menstruation, allowing abnormal tissue to be more easily visible.

What to Do After Hysteroscopy?

After the procedure, patients can resume activities such as showering, exercising, and work immediately. However, sexual intercourse should be avoided for 10 days to prevent infection.

Is Hysteroscopy Performed in Public Hospitals?

Some public hospitals, especially teaching and research hospitals, may have the necessary equipment for hysteroscopy, but availability can vary.

What is the Difference Between Hysteroscopy and HSG (Hysterosalpingography)?

Hysteroscopy involves entering the uterus with a special camera system to directly visualize and surgically remove abnormalities. HSG, on the other hand, involves injecting a contrast medium into the uterus and taking an X-ray to detect filling defects caused by polyps, adhesions, septa, or fibroids. While HSG is a diagnostic test, hysteroscopy is used for both diagnosis and treatment.

Does Hysteroscopy Cause Any Damage to the Uterus?

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks. However, if properly planned and executed, the risks of injury are minimized. Uterine rupture is a potential risk during hysteroscopy, but with careful pre-procedure evaluation and proper technique, the risk is reduced.

Can Hysteroscopy Improve IVF Success?

The most common use of hysteroscopy is in IVF patients to prepare the uterus for embryo implantation. In cases with uterine anomalies such as septa, polyps, or adhesions, hysteroscopic surgery can clear any barriers that could prevent embryo development. If the embryo is healthy and the uterus is properly prepared, the chances of IVF success increase.

A second use is in patients with repeated IVF failures, where slight incisions are made in the uterine cavity to enhance embryo attachment. In this regard, hysteroscopy plays a vital role in IVF treatments.

What Happens After Hysteroscopy in Terms of Menstruation?

The first period after hysteroscopy generally occurs on time. However, the amount and duration of bleeding may vary. If the procedure was done for conditions like polyps or fibroids, bleeding will usually decrease and return to normal.

How Long Does Bleeding Last After Hysteroscopy?

If the procedure was done to remove a mass like a polyp, bleeding may be shorter. In cases involving adhesions, bleeding could last up to 10 days. For IVF patients who have had slight incisions made in the uterine cavity, bleeding usually lasts 2 to 3 days.